The Concept of Failed State, New War and New Terrorism Essay

The Concept of Failed State, New War and New Terrorism - Essay Example Country states exist to convey political merchandise security, instruction, wellbeing administrations, monetary chance, natural reconnaissance, a lawful structure of request and a legal framework to control it, and key infrastructural prerequisites, for example, streets and interchanges offices to their residents. Bombed states respect these commitments in the break. They progressively relinquish their capacity as suppliers of political products to warlords and other non-state on-screen characters. As it were, a bombed state is not, at this point capable or ready to play out the activity of a country state in the advanced world.( ) This implies a bombed state is portrayed by specific markers like non-existent wellbeing and security for residents, disintegrating human services, instruction, foundation, and economy. This kind of circumstance can offer ascent to developing turmoil where : Bombed states can be seen as an issue of rising turmoil where sorted out gatherings that need a large number of the qualities of statehood must focus on the essential issue of their own security. In a condition of developing political agitation, or at whatever point the inward level of influence shifts, inquiries of control become pre-famous. This vital condition can make antagonistic gatherings dread eradication and respect horde savagery. In a bombed state where the absence of a focal office to give peace offers ascend to warring groups battling to fill the force vacuum, state disappointment is associated with an endless loop with the results of new war. The expression new war took on another importance after the occasions of September 11, yet truth be told, the term had just been authored during the 1990s by Mary Kaldor, who proceeded to clarify her hypothesis in magazines like The country in November 2001: These new wars must be comprehended with regards to globalization. They include transnational systems, in light of political cases for the sake of religion or ethnicity, through which thoughts, cash, arms, and soldiers of fortune are organized.....In the new wars, the objective isn't military triumph; it is political activation. While in antiquated wars, individuals were assembled to partake in the war exertion, in the new wars, activating individuals is the point of the war exertion, to extend the systems of fanaticism. In the new wars, fights are uncommon and brutality is coordinated against regular folks. The procedure is to increase political force through planting apprehension and scorn, to make an atmosphere of fear, to dispense with moderate voices and to crush resilience. What's more, the objective is to get financial force too.

Apocalypses Theme Essay Example For Students

Apocalypses Theme Essay All I smelled was spoiled bodies, Texas Ranger, Roy Coffman said during his declaration at the homicide and intrigue preliminary of 11 Branch Davidians. The dead were found in the rubble of the April 19 fire that pulverized the compound, slaughtering in excess of 75 Branch Davidians, including the organizations chief, David Koresh, and 17 youngsters. Maybe the most pessimistic scenario of the central governments exceeding in American history, the 1993 Waco catastrophe has made Americans pose the inquiry of how much military contribution will residents permit in their regular day to day existences before they lose their privileges as people. In February, 1993, 4 government specialists were murdered in an attack on the compound of the Branch Davidians, a religion bunch only outside of Waco, Texas. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms the ATF, a unit of the Treasury Department actualized the procedure in light of the fact that individuals from the Branch Davidians had unlawful guns and explosives and submitted physical and sexual maltreatment, particularly against kids. Their objective was to capture David Koresh, a self-declared prophetically catastrophic prophet and the pioneer of the religion, and hold onto the gatherings weapons. After this debacle, wherein about six religion individuals passed on and a few government specialists were injured, the ATF was supplanted by the FBI, whose notoriety for polished skill guaranteed a brisk goals of the contention and a conclusion to the attack. It appeared as though America could inhale a moan of alleviation. Exchanges started, and soon a portion of the Branch Davidians left the compound. However the discussions eventually wound up separating lastly finished. All utilities including water, power, and phone were cut off. Davidians were then besieged with a mental assault which included 24 hours of glaring from powerful lights that kept the compound lit throughout the night, and 24 hours of blasting music that included sounds extending from Buddhist priests reciting to bunnies being killed. This blast was planned to debilitate the desire of those inside the compound who were presently to a great extent cut off from contact with the outside world. On April 19, the FBI, in what seems to have been a horrendous choice, started another attack. It remembered thumping gaps for the external dividers of the mixes structures with a tank and splashing nerve gas into the insides. Obviously, the FBI didn't depict this as an ambush, however as shutting the outskirts and pressing clique individuals to give up. Specifically, the FBI trusted that the ladies would get together and leave with their childrenthat their maternal insticts would take over . Rather the compound went up on fire. More than 75 faction individuals were singed alive in a blast that the FBI says was begun by religion individuals. A few variables point to this being a mass self destruction, yet enduring Branch Davidians have said that the flames began when the ambush on the dividers of the compound spilled fuel from lamp oil lights. Six years after the Waco attack reached its brutal end, residents are irate andâ shocked about subtleties just as of late unfurling concerning the strike that left in excess of 75 dead. Claims that military faculty were available and taken an interest in the strike on the Davidian compound bring up significant issues about blending of military and regular citizen powers in direct infringement of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which prohibits such organization. Only one day after the attack finished in blazing dread, President Clinton gave the American individuals a brief look at what's in store from the legislature. The administration couldn't be answerable for, the way that a lot of devotees chose to murder themselves, he said. He at that point cautioned that there is, shockingly, an ascent in this kind of obsession over the world. Also, we may need to stand up to this once more. The disaster at Waco in no way, shape or form is the first or just case of infringement of Posse Comitatus, however it proves the unpredictability that can come about because of blending extraordinary activities troops and non military personnel law authorization. .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .postImageUrl , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:hover , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:visited , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:active { border:0!important; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:active , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ubc1c3e817b719e24 4891dbf93c5652d9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: None Provided4 Essay PaperSeparation of regular citizen and military powers has for some time been an American convention yet under the appearance of the war on medications and war on psychological oppression, Congress over the most recent two decades has ordered enactment permitting military intercession in non military personnel law requirement, which many accept damages the law. The differentiation among military and non military personnel powers can once in a while be recognized. Each law authorization official, office, organization or office in the United States lives by a similar utilization of-power strategy. Police may uti lize power just to the level important to kill a circumstance and may utilize savage power just to ensure themselves or the lives of others. They are prepared to think about individual privileges of the resident, paying little mind to the seriousness of the wrongdoing. Then again, the crucial the military is national security. Fighters are prepared to utilize dangerous power on an adversary. Whatever term is applied, the reality remains that United States troops are partaking in non military personnel law-authorization exercises inside the United States. Frequently the result is startling and, as on account of the assault on the Branch Davidians, can be awful. Its a dangerous slant, GOP Rep. Weave Barr of Georgia cautioned as of late, around the militarization of non military personnel law requirement. There isnt a more crucial issue in our general public than keeping regular citizen law authorization separate from military. The line was totally obscured at Waco, and in light of the fact that Posse Comitatus has never been indicted, this will be one of the most significant regions of the up and coming hearings in Waco. Conservative Conservatives, for example, the Christian Coalition and individuals from the NRA concur with Liberals on an uncommon event that the legislature accomplished something other than exceed its limits in the Waco attack however killed more than 75 individuals for reasons yet to be solidly settled. They accept that the more the military starts to mediate in consistently life the quicker people groups singular rights are evacuated. These rights are remembered for these alterations which bear specific significance to this issue: first Amendment the right to speak freely of Speech; second Amendment right to Bear Arms; tenth Amendment all forces not assigned to the United States are saved to the states or to the individuals; and the fourteenth no man can be denied of life, freedom, or property without fair treatment. The Clinton Administration and most different legislators will in general lean more towards the center and to concur with the legislature on the issue of the Waco attack. Their way of thinking: the administration is in every case right. Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin was cited in a 1995 article in The New Republic as painting the pundits of the legislatures activities as rivals of law authorization. I dread some may attempt to utilize the waco hearings, he composed, to serve another motivation: to disintegrate open help for government guns lawsby sabotaging open trust in the people who implement those laws. Individual from the Clinton Administration, Attorney General Janet Reno, assumed full liability for the activity and its appalling result. As per Attorney David B. Kopel and Criminologist Paul H. Blackman, creators of No More Wacos, the day after Reno offered this expression she got a call from the president who advised her, That-a-young lady, to show his help. Maybe she put forth a valiant effort in endorsing what currently has all the earmarks of being a silly ambush. It is an update that you attempt to make the best judgment and you face the results, Reno was cited in a 1994 New York Times article, you acknowledge obligation and you push forward, attempting consistently to make sense of what you can improve, {Subcommittees in the examination concerning the exercises of government law implementation offices fo

Missoula

Missoula Missoula mizo?o ´l? [key], city (1990 pop. 42,918), seat of Missoula co., W Mont., on the Clark Fork of the Columbia River; inc. 1889. In the midst of five watered valleys, large forests, and an extensive dairy and cattle area, Missoula is a commercial center with lumber and paper, printing and publishing, food, chemicals, construction materials, furniture, and fabricated metal products industries, but the Univ. of Montana is the largest employer. The (Peace) Treaty of Hell Gate in 1855 between the warring Salish and Blackfoot tribes opened the area to settlement. Hell Gate town was founded nearby in 1860 and moved to the Missoula site six years later. The coming (1883, 1908) of the railroads stimulated Missoula's growth. A regional headquarters of the U.S. Forest Service, including the Smokejumper Center, and an art museum are located in the city. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedi a articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Self Awareness Log No. 2 - 1185 Words

Self-Awareness Log No. 2 Best Thing that Happened at your Site Interning at the Division of Family and Child Services (DFCS) has been a wonderful experience. Observing the day to day duties of Family Protection Specialist (FPS) and supervisors at DFCS has led to a more in-depth compassion for clients and their families, while acquiring the necessary skills to function as a social worker in today’s society. The best thing that happened at my site was being able to assist the Regional Director (RD), Anita Twiner-Watkins. She was constructing an organizational chart of all of her Area Social Work Supervisors (ASWS) and FPSs. I collaborated with the RD and created an organizational chart, which she forwarded to her superiors in Jackson,†¦show more content†¦This was the case for me when I was acknowledged by the RD, in a staff meeting, for taking the initiative to assist her with the organizational chart. The recognition placed pressure on me to become more involved as an intern and allow my skills to be utilized at DFCS. The experience was incredibly humbling as a future social worker. Criticisms Receiving feedback about work performance is essential, especially if it comes in the form of constructive criticism. My Field Supervisor, Jessie Bether, has expressed a need to see me take more initiative on the home visits. She stated she wanted to see me become more involved in interviewing clients and following a case from the beginning, this half of the semester. She stated she has witnessed a considerable amount of growth in me and wants me to take on more responsibility other than shadowing my worker. Productivity In my observation of the day to day operations at DFCS, I have noticed that there is a great deal of cliques at the site. These cliques can often be productivity killers at DFCS, with over 700 children being in custody. Conversations are easy to start and hard to end at this facility. I attempt to keep idle conversations to a minimum by making sure I am constantly in contact with my worker, supervisor or keeping busy with completing upcoming assignments. My field supervisor has made it abundantly clear to me that she expects me to initiate my work week. The

The God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy - 1313 Words

In the novel The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy, the reader notices the differences between the modern American view of politics and society between the politics and society in the novel. This novel takes place in the southwestern part of India in a town called Kerala and is focused on the wealthy family of the Syrian Christian Ipe family of Ayemenem. Within this family, many of them have problems in their lives and as a result, go to the house once their problems have taken a turn for the worse. A major theme of this story is the society of India and the caste system that is in place. Some characters that were majorly affected by the caste system are a woman named Ammu and her two children, Estha and Rahel along with an Untouchable named Velutha. Besides the caste system Ammu and her children must worry about the social system and the outcomes of actions that are not socially acceptable. Another recurring theme of this novel is the change in political stances in the country of India and how it affects the characters. Since the Ipe family is wealthy, they own a factory called â€Å"Paradise Pickles and Preserves† and some character struggles revolves around the fact that there is a motion for a change in politics. Although the novel can be understood on its own, it makes it more understandable if the reader learns about the political history of India and an understanding of the caste system. Besides the political history and caste system the view on gender in the country ofShow MoreRelatedThe God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1462 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Arundhati Roy’s fantastically crafted novel The God of Small Things focuses on the daily grievances suffered by people living in the South Indian society through the eyes of a young girl (Rahel) and her family, living in Kerala. The story pattern is non-linear and revolves around basic everyday issues such as the prevalence of a rigid caste system, gender discrimination, child abuse, death and forbidden love. The author executes her work with great panache and succeeds in sending a subtleRead MoreThe God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1628 Words   |  7 PagesArundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things explores the tragic lives of twins Estha and Rahel through a profound application of language and detail. Roy’s utterly unique writing style reels the reader in through hard to grasp yet beautiful language, allowing one to appreciate the beauty within such a tragic story. Roy repeats a specific phrase throughout the novel at pivotal moments within the twin’s, specifically Estha’s, lives. This phrase, â€Å"Little Man. He lived in a cara-van. Dum dum†, is utilizedRead MoreThe God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1271 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel; The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy introduces many female characters. The novel is set in Ayemenem, India after colonialism and the novel tends to shift back and forth between the younger years and adult years of the two main characters; Rahel and Estha. Loomba presents how women are characterized in a society which is that they â€Å"are usually cast as mothers or wives and are called upon to literally and figuratively reproduce the nation† (Loomba 180). In the novel the female characters;Read MoreThe God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1843 Words   |  8 Pagesapplies to driving a car, riding a bike, or moving in any kind of fast-paced setting because if one crosses lines they end up hurt, hurting someone else, or worse. The God of Small Things reveals to read ers that staying in your lane can mean the difference between living and dying. The opening quote of Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things not only reveals the purpose of the novel, but it impacts the characters actions in colonial Indian society. John Berger states, â€Å"Never again will a single story beRead MoreThe God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy532 Words   |  2 PagesFrom what I have read so far in the book, â€Å"The God of small Things,† there are many major themes that have captivated my attention. Those include â€Å"The Love Laws,† how the relationship between Chacko and Margaret got to the point of love, the blame and guilt between the characters, and of course â€Å"Communism.† Based on four these themes many things have gone wrong for the lives of the characters, especially with, â€Å"Blame and Guiltiness.† Love and rules (Love Laws), are constantly butting heads in theRead MoreEssay on The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy2894 Words   |  12 PagesThe God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy In The God of Small Things the twin’s mother, Ammu, breaks the laws that lay down ‘who should be loved, and how and how much’ when she has an affair with Velutha (an Untouchable). A relationship with an Untouchable is inconceivable in India, even today, as a woman would be expelled from her Caste if she were to carry out such an undignified act. Before this occurs Ammu is already frowned upon for being a divorced woman, a common view in Indian societyRead MoreAnalysis Of Arundhati Roy s The God Of Small Things 1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship between language and resistance in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things, is a site of continuous contest and struggle. Roy assumes a position within Western discourse to communicate her ideas, all the while challenging and rejecting the very structure she inhabits. Through her writing, rather than seeking to enter the canon of postcolonial literature, Roy strives to redefine it. Throughout the narrative, she subverts the rules and boundaries of language, internally pursuing aRead MoreForbidden Love in The God of Small Things written by Arundhati Roy888 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay focuses on the theme of forbidden love, The God of Small Things written by Arundhati Roy. This novel explores love and how love can’t be ignored when confronted with social boundaries. The novel examines how conventional society seeks t o destroy true love as this novel is constantly connected to loss, death and sadness. This essay will explore the theme of forbidden love, by discussing and analysing Ammu and Veluthas love that is forbidden because of the ‘Love Laws’ in relation to theRead MoreThe Effects Of Change On Society : The God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1547 Words   |  7 Pagesinstilled within their children. History showed just how difficult it was for children/ young adults to be raised under such conditions. History is a tough thing to forget but accepting change can also have a positive effect on everyone and enforce a new way of living. One major book that focuses on this topic is The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy. The people of Ayemenem’s beliefs were so strong that it was all they knew and lived by. History played an important part in this story due to the factRead MoreExploring Boundaries in The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy772 Words   |  4 Pages In The God of Small Things, Roy explores the idea of breaking boundaries by personifying the setting, focusing on everyday events, and manipulating the characters within society. The most predominant boundary in the novel remains the rigid social classes known as the caste system in Indian society. Roy gives each character a specific role to bring out the importance of the Love Laws, which set behavioral margins within the society. In chapter 1, Roy personifies the setting as the blurring of boundaries

McDonald’s quality service Free Essays

McDonald’s quality service is very evident in every outlet it has all over the world. Arguably, serving its customers in an apt and courteous manner, each customer whenever not satisfied is aptly attended to. This is one standard protocol which is implemented in each McDonald’s restaurant. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s quality service or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each crew member is trained and oriented by the head store manager and its store area managers, in order to be efficient in handling the needs of its various customers. In able to make speedy service possible and to ensure accuracy and security, many fast food restaurants have incorporated hospitality point of sale systems (Ray Kroc, Grinding it out: The Making of McDonald’s, 1977). This makes it possible for kitchen crew personnel to screen orders place at front counter and drive through at the actual time. Wireless systems allow orders placed at drive through speakers to be taken by cashiers, as well as kitchen personnel. Drive-through and walk through configurations will allow orders to be taken at one register and paid at the succeeding window. Modern point of sale systems can operate on computer networks using a wide array of software programs. Sales records can be generated and remote access to computer reports can be given to corporate offices, managers, troubleshooters, and some authorized personnel. With this in mind, quality service at McDonald’s is assumed and secured for the betterment of its loyal customers and the company as well. While fast food restaurants usually have a dining area in which customers can eat the food on the premises, some orders are designed to be taken away, and traditional table service is rare. Orders are generally taken and paid for at a wide counter, with the customer waiting by the counter for a tray or container for their food. A â€Å"drive-thru† service can allow customers to order and pick up food from their cars. Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten â€Å"on the go† and often does not require traditional cutlery and is eaten as a finger food (Ray Kroc, Grinding it out: The Making of McDonald’s, 1977). Common menu items at fast food outlets include fish and chips, sandwiches, pitas, hamburgers, fried chicken, french fries, chicken nuggets, tacos, pizza, and ice cream, although many fast-food restaurants offer â€Å"slower† foods like chili, mashed potatoes, and salads. The quality service of McDonald’s doesn’t end there. The company gives a premium on each customer’s health in order to reciprocate the loyalty a customer gives to the company. Some of the large fast food chains are beginning to incorporate healthier alternatives in their menu as well. For instance, white meat, snack wraps, salads and fresh fruits are made available. However, some people see these moves as a tokenistic and commercial measure, rather than an appropriate reaction to ethical concerns about the world ecology and people’s health. McDonald’s announced that in March of 2006, the chain would include nutritional information on the packaging of all its products. Yet amidst the quality service that the company provides, some customers and lobbyists are not contented with what the prominent fast food chain does to suit the various needs of its customers. Because of commercial emphasis on speed, uniformity and low cost, fast food products are often made with ingredients formulated to achieve a certain flavor or consistency and to preserve freshness. This requires a high degree of food engineering, the use of additives and processing techniques substantially alter the food from its original form and reduce its nutritional value. Wal-Mart The Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market is chain of grocery stores launched by Wal-Mart in 1998. These stores are designed to be the opposite of vastly enormous superstores. These smaller stores are supposed to entice shoppers with easier parking, less crowded aisles and faster checkout.   Neighborhood Market stores offer a wide variety of products that includes a full-line of groceries, pharmaceuticals, health and beauty aids, photo developing services, and a limited selection of general merchandise. Generally, located in markets with Wal-Mart Supercenters, they supplement Wal-Mart’s strong food distribution network. As of May 31, 2007, there were 118 Neighborhood Markets in the United States. Yet customer service has also gone downhill in a big way. For instance, a   customer waited over a half hour for someone to come and assist me in the bicycle department, finally leaving because no one could be bothered. One of the cashiers called and called for assistance to no avail. The woman in the infant department, which she believed to be the department head, that wouldn’t even begin to try to get me a price on an unmarked car seat. She told the customer that it must be the same price as another seat which was nearby that was clearly a better quality, more expensive seat. The Customer feel like the people of this area are being taken advantage of and being treated poorly because of the fact that places to shop are so limited here. Half of the time some people can’t find what they are supposed to be looking for, simply because it isn’t in stock anymore. You can forget about finding any decent shoes. What has happened to the quality at Wal-mart? I know many people who share my feelings about the way Wal-mart has become, and many of us are considering paying a little more elsewhere to get the service and quality that we prefer. Furthermore, their idea of â€Å"merchandising† has increasingly gotten so cheap and sloppy. If you’re looking for let’s say sunglasses, don’t dare imagine that they’d all be in the same logical area — they are scattered on strips hung at end of aisles in practically any department. How do they control their inventory? Now their inventory approach would be confidential and unpredictable, after all it is Wal-Mart, not Nordstrom’s. The apathy at Wal-Mart is not proper. You are then left to â€Å"fend for yourself† at the â€Å"baggage carousel† and hope that you retrieved all your bags, as the next order is already hot on your heels. With this in mind, some customer would rather shop on Wal-Mart online. This gives the customers a convenient way of shopping with the use of the internet. It is practical for some people who spent most of their time at home. One simply can browse through the variety of products by choosing a category. For customers, this is a hassle-free and not time consuming at all. The customer spares himself from some obnoxious employees that cannot attend to you whenever you need assistance to find a certain product. Yet this is not a solution to the demands of customers. Quality service must be assured in every Wal-Mart store. The company must set standard protocols for an employee to perform their job in an objective manner. Perhaps, Wal-Mart is not even considering such yet they have quality assurance with the products that they sell. So, why not imply quality assurance with regards to employee-customer relationships? Wal-Mart is like the â€Å"McDonald’s† of department stores because they customer satisfaction and quality service are overlooked and not given proper attention by its company executives. For the employees to perform their job well, the company executives should not hire them simply for the sake of having personnel at their prominent department store. References: Ray Kroc, Grinding it out: The Making of McDonald’s, 1977 Wal-Mart 2006 Annual Report, 2006                         How to cite McDonald’s quality service, Essay examples

Living in a Big City free essay sample

Living in a big city Some people prefer living in a small town while others prefer living in a large city. I think there are far more advantages living in a large city then there is in living in a small town. Some example would be more options in transportation, more entertainment, and more job opportunities. Firstly, the stronger point of big city that small town lacks in is the public  transportation. Most of small towns do not give a lot of access to various  vehicles. On the other hand, it is widely known that big city often offers more  choices of public transportation than the small town. For example, big cities such as Vancouver, the subway run twenty-four hours for seven  days a week and also there are numerous numbers of taxi and bus which spread to  every area. As a result, people can go everywhere they want easily with public  transportation. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Big City or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is very help for elders who no longer can drive and need another form of transportation to get around. In addition to public transportation, access to greater entertainment facility is   another positive aspect of living in a big city. There is entertainment on every corner you go! From fancy restaurants having live bands, to night clubs, and watching live sports, you would always find something new and entertaining and you will never be bored! For example in a small town like St. Thomas you will never see a live concert or any famous people around because they usually go to the bigger cities were there’s a bigger audience. The same goes to the live sports usually big finals or exiting games happen in bigger cities like Toronto where there is more fans to cheer them on. Also in any given day that you want to hang out with your friend there’s always endless fun things you can do in a big city like going to one of the best night club available or a fancy restaurant. This shows clearly  that the entertainment facility in the big city provides more convenience and  self-indulgence to people that they cannot get if they live in small town. Finally, the last reason that best explains the advantages of life in a big city is the job opportunities. Due to the large number of people live in big city,  there are more professions, job positions and companies which are available for  young people especially the ones who specialise in specific subjects. In contrast  with small town that has fewer people, job positions and professions are limited  because big companies do not usually establish their headquarters there. For  example, in fashion career, big city such as Toronto has higher rate of fifty percents in job employment than small town like St. Thomas. Also if you want a career as a famous singer/ actor or be successful at a sport in a professional level a small towns would not get you as far as living in a big city because all the influence and sponsors who help get far are located in bigger area where most of the population is. Therefore, it is  absolutely better for people to live in a big city as it is the ultimate chance  to search for desired job that relates to their knowledge. In conclusion there are three main reasons which show why life in a big city is   better by considering from brilliant public transportation, entertainment  attractions and job opportunities that are rarely found in most small towns. If  there is no change in the development of these aspects in small town, more and  more people will certainly leave their home town in order to gain more access of  these features in the big city.

The Structure of Noun Phrases Essay Example

The Structure of Noun Phrases Essay Univerzitet Novi Pazar Odeljenje: Beograd Fakultet humanistickih nauka Odsek: filoloski Smer: Engleski jezik i knjizevnost Predmet: Sintaksa Engleskog jezika Student: Nikola Vukasovic Beograd, 01. 06. 2011 1. Introduction Among the five different types of phrases in English namely noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases and prepositional phrases, noun phrases are the most common playing various syntactic functions in the sentence and clause structure: subject, object and complement (of various kinds), apposition and attribute. They are used to refer to things that people want to talk about: people, objects, concepts, processes and all kind of entities. 2. Basic Noun Phrases Structurally speaking, in the first place, basic noun phrases consist of pronouns, numerals or nouns with articles (indefinite, definite or zero) or nouns with other closed-system items that occur before the noun head including pre-determiners (pre-det), determiners (det. ) and post-determiners (post-det. ). The underlined parts of the following sentences are good examples of basic noun phrases: |   |I |stayed at |home |during |all |the |last few |days |   | |   |pronoun |   |zero article + noun|   |pre-de |+ det |+ post-det |+ noun |   | |   |Some people |dislike |‘13’ |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |det. + noun |   |numeral | | | | | | | 2. Pronouns and Numerals Actually, pronouns are a special class of noun. As their names imply, they ‘replace’ nouns or rather whole noun phrases, since they cannot generally occur with determiners. For example, personal pronouns have two sets of case forms: subjective and objective: ‘I’/ ‘me’, ‘we’/ ‘us’, ‘he’/ ‘him’, ‘she’/ ‘her’, ‘they’/ ‘them’; ‘you’ and ‘it’ are exceptional in showing no distinction. Subjective personal pronouns function as subject and sometimes as subject complement while objective personal pronouns as object, prepositional complement and sometimes as subject complement. We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure of Noun Phrases specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure of Noun Phrases specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure of Noun Phrases specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These can be illustrated by: He is happy. I   saw him at the station. Like personal pronouns, other types of pronouns including reflexive, possessive, relative, demonstrative, interrogative, universal, assertive, non-assertive and negative pronouns are all basic noun phrases. Reflexive pronouns include ‘myself’, ‘yourself’, ‘himself’, ‘herself’, ‘itself’, ‘ourselves’, ‘yourselves’ and ‘themselves’. He hurt himself yesterday. Possessive pronouns are ‘mine’, ‘ours’, ‘yours’, etc. This book is mine Relative pronouns: ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘that’, ‘which’, etc. The book, which is on the table, is mine. Demonstrative pronouns fall in two groups. One is â€Å"near† reference with ‘this’ and ‘these’; and the other â€Å"distant† reference with ‘that’ and ‘those’. This is my friend. Interrogative pronouns: ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘what’, etc. Who did you go with? Universal pronouns: ‘each’, ‘all’, and ‘every’ series: ‘everyone’, ‘everything’, etc. Everyone has his own ambitions. Partitive pronouns, parallel to the universal ones, consist of assertive pronouns including the ‘some’ group (‘some’, ‘someone’, ‘something’, etc. ; non-assertive with the ‘any’ series (‘any’, ‘anyone’, ‘anything’, etc. ); and negative with the ‘no’ series (‘none’, ‘no-oneâ€⠄¢, ‘nothing’, etc. ) Nobody has come yet. Apart from pronouns, numerals including cardinal numbers (‘one’, ‘two’, etc. ) and ordinal numbers (‘first’, ‘second’, etc. ) can form basic noun phrases, as in: Two is better than one. 2. 2 Basic Noun Phrases with Determiners Not only can basic noun phrases consist of pronouns or numerals, but they can also comprise a head noun with determiners or determiners modified by pre-determiners and/or post-determiners. The head noun of a noun phrase is the central element and decisive factor in performing the syntactic functions of the whole noun phrase. It can be singular count noun such as ‘book’, plural noun ‘books’ or mass noun like ‘ink’. Determiners can be indefinite article ‘a’ and ‘an’; definite article ‘the’; or zero article as in the noun phrase ‘books’. The use of articles is not the only possibility for determining nouns, but we can use such words as ‘no’, ‘what’, ‘this’, ‘some’, ‘every’, ‘each’ and ‘either’ before the head noun like ‘book’. These words, also called determiners, forming a set of closed-system, are mutually exclusive with each other, i. e. there cannot be more than one occurring before the head. Both ‘a the book’ and ‘a some book’ are ungrammatical. Determiners are in a â€Å"choice relation†, that is they occur one instead of another. In this respect, they are unlike ‘all’, ‘many’, ‘nice’, which are in a â€Å"chain relation†, occurring one after another as in: All the many nice pictures are collected. The articles are central to the class of determiners in that they have no function independent of the noun they precede. Other determiners like ‘some’ are also independent pronouns: A: I want the money. B: Here is the. (ungrammatical) B: Here is some. (grammatical) With regard to the co-occurrence of determiners with the noun classes singular count (‘book’), plural count (‘books’), and mass noun (‘ink’), there are six classes of determiners: (1) |The Possessive (‘my’, ‘your’, his’, etc. ) |+ |book | |Genitive (‘my father’s’, ‘Anne’s’, etc. | |books | |No | |ink | |Whose | | | |Which (ever) | | | |What (ever) | | | |Some (stressed) | | | |Any (stressed) | | | (2) Zero article |+ |books | |Some (unstressed) | |ink | |Any (unstressed) | | | |enough | | | (3) |This |+ |book | |that | |ink | (4) |These |+ |books | |Those | | | (5) A (n) |+ |book | |every | | | |each | | | |either | | | |neither | | | (6) |much |+ |ink | In addition to the determiners mentioned before, there are a large number of other closed-system items that occur before the head of noun phrases. These items, referred to as closed-system pre-modified, form three classes (pre-determiners, ordinals and quantifiers) which have been set up on the basis of the positions that they can have in relation to determiners and to each other. The first class of the closed-system pre-modifiers, pre-determiners, is unique in occurring before the determiners. They are: (1) ‘all’, ‘both’ and ‘half’; (2) the multipliers ‘double’, ‘twice’, ‘three times’, etc. and fractions ‘one-third’, ‘two-fifths’, etc. and (3) ‘such’ and ‘what’ (exclamative). Like determiners, pre-determiners are mutually exclusive. Therefore, ‘all’, ‘both’ and ‘half’ have restriction on their co-occurrence with determiners and head nouns. The illustrations are as follows: †¢ All |All |+ |The, my, etc. |+ |singular count noun | |All |+ |The, my, etc. |+ |plural noun | | | |These, those | | | | | |Zero article | | | |All |+ |The, my, etc. + |mass noun | | | |This, that | | | | | |Zero article | | | All my life All the books All this paper †¢ Both |Both |+ |The, my, etc. |+ |plural noun | | | |These, those | | | | | |Zero article   | | | Both these books †¢ Half Half |+ |The, my, etc. |+ |singular count noun | | | |A, this, that | | | |Half |+ |The, my, etc. |+ |plural noun | | | |These, those | | | |Half |+ |The, my, etc. |+ |mass noun | | | |This, that | | | Half an hour These pre-determiners can occur only before articles or demonstratives, but none of them can occur with such quantitative determiners as ‘every’, ‘either’, ‘each’, ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘no’ and ‘enough’. However, ‘all’, ‘both’ and ‘half’ have ‘of’-construction which are optional with nouns and obligatory with personal pronouns: All (of) the students   = All of them All (of) my time   = All of it With a quantifier following, the ‘of’-construction is preferred All of the ten students All of the many girls ‘All’, ‘both’ and ‘half’ can be basic noun phrases: All/Both/ Half were allowed to go out. Apart from ‘all’, ‘both’ and ‘half’, the multipliers such as ‘double’, ‘twice’, ‘three times’, etc. can occur before determiner s to denote a number, an amount, etc. : Double their papers Twice his strength Three times this amount ‘Once’, ‘twice’, etc. an occur with determiners ‘a’, ‘every’, ‘each’, and ‘per’ (less commonly) to form â€Å"distributive† expressions with a temporal noun as head: |Once |a |  day | |Twice |every | | |Three times |each | | | |per | | Preceding the determiners can also be the fractions ‘one-third’, ‘two-fourths’, etc. which can have the alternative ‘of’-construction, e. g. : One-third the time One-third of the time ‘Such’ and exclamation ‘what’ can occur only with indefinite articles and zero one, e. g. : What/Such a nuisance. What/Such fine singing. The second class of closed-system pre-modifiers is ordinals which include the ordinal numbers (‘first’, ‘second’, etc. ) as well as ‘(an) other’, ‘next’, and ‘last’. These words are post-determiners, that is they must follow determiners in the noun phrase structure, but they precede quantifiers and adjectives as modifier.    |The |first |(cold) |months |   | |   |determiner |post-determiner (ordinal) |modifier |noun |   | Cardinal numbers and quantifiers belong to the third class of closed-system pre-modifiers. They are mutually exclusive, following determiners but preceding adjectives as modifier. Cardinal numbers are ‘one’ (with singular count nouns) and ‘two’, ‘three’, etc. (with plural nouns), e. g. : One good reason All (of) the three brothers Closed-system quantifiers are ‘many’ (with the comparatives ‘more’ and ‘most’), ‘few’ (‘fewer’, ‘fewest’),   ‘little’ (‘less’, ‘least’) and ‘several’ as in: Several interesting b ooks All her many good ideas A basic noun phrase may contain various determiners, more concretely, pre-determiners, determiners and post-determiners which are in a fixed order: |pre-determiners |determiners |post-determiner |Head noun | |   |   |ordinal |cardinal/quantifier |   | |Half |my |first |   |salary | |All |the | |   |books | |All |her | |many |questions | 3 Complex Noun Phrases Complex noun phrases contain three components: pre-modification, head noun and post-modification. 3. 1 Head Noun Like in the basic noun phrase, the head noun, first of all, is the central element and core component of the complex noun phrase. It may be count or mass noun which dictates concord and (for the most part) other kinds of congruence with the rest of the sentence outside the noun phrase. This is exemplified in: The only girl in this class is hardworking. All of the beautiful girls in my class are kind. Also, when the genitive is as pre-modification, the head nouns can be omitted: We met at the dentist’s last week. 3. 2 Pre-modification The second component of a complex noun phrase is pre-modification, also called pre-modifiers, including modifiers that stand before the head noun. Pre-modifiers can be closed-system and/or open-class items. Closed-system pre-modifiers are discussed in the structure of the basic noun phrases above. These items are optional in the complex noun phrases. Meanwhile, open-class pre-modifiers come after the closed-system ones and precede the head noun as in: |   |All these |young beautiful |girls |   | |   |determiner |adjective as pre-modifier |head |   | Pre-modifying adjectives can be those denoting general description (‘beautiful’, intelligent’, ‘good’, etc. ; age (‘young’, ‘old’, etc. ); size (‘big’, ‘small’, etc. ); shape (‘square’, ‘round’, etc. ); colour (‘red’, ‘blue’, etc. ); material (‘silk’, ‘metal’, etc. ); resemblance to a material (‘silken’ in silken hair, ‘cat-like’, etc. ); and provenance or style (‘British’, â €˜Parisian’, etc. ). These adjectives can be both attribute and complement. In addition, pre-modifying adjectives can be intensifying ones which have a heightening effect on the noun they modify or the reverse, a lowering effect, e. g. : ‘real’ (a real hero), ‘definite’ (a definite loss), ‘complete’ (a complete fool) and ‘close’ (a close friend). These adjectives are generally attributive only. Restrictive adjectives, another class of pre-modifying adjectives, restrict the reference of the noun exclusively, particularly or chiefly, e. g. : ‘certain’ (a certain person), ‘exact’ (the exact answer), ‘only’ (the only occasion) and ‘very’ (the very man). Like intensifying adjectives, the restrictive ones are attributive only. However, there are a number of adjectives which cannot pre-modify the head, but can be predicative such as: ‘faint’, ‘ill’, ‘well’, ‘able’, ‘afraid’, etc. Not only are the head nouns pre-modified but pre-modifying adjectives can also be, especially when they are the first items after the determiner. In this case, it can be pre-modified in the same way as it can be in the predicative position. This is illustrated by: |   |His really quite unbelievably happy |family |   | |   |   |Head |   | With indefinite determiners, some intensifiers such as ‘so’ are differently used. ‘So’ is replaced by ‘such’, which precedes the determiner or else ‘so’ plus adjective would be placed before the determiner, e. g. : Such a beautiful girl So beautiful a girl Apart from pre-modifying adjectives, the head nouns of the complex noun phrases can be pre-modified by particles, either present or past, e. g. : an approaching man (present participle), the badly injured dog (past participle), etc. The head noun can also be pre-modified by genitives, e. g. these qualified doctors’ salaries,these doctors’ high salaries, etc. group genitives as in the teacher of English’s salary, an hour and a half’s discussion, etc. ; or other nouns as in the city council, a love story, etc. Another class of pre-modifiers is the type of denomical adjective often meaning â€Å"consisting of†, â€Å"involving†, or â€Å"relating to†. These items must come next before the head and can be preceded by a wide range of pre-modifying items, e. g. :   the pleasant social life, a city political problem, etc. Finally there are various classes of pre-modification, both closed-system and open-class. Therefore, when the complex noun phrases consist of different classes of pre-modifiers, they may be placed in a relevant order. The acceptable order of pre-modifiers in a complex noun phrase is as follows: |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |(1) |a |book |with yellow covers (prepositional phrase) |   | |(2) |the |man |who told you the secret (finite clause) |   | |(3) |the |girl |speaking English fluently (nonfinite clause) |   | |(4) |a |shelf |full of books (adjective phrase) |   | |(5) |the |opera |Carmen (noun phrase) |   | |(6) |the |road |back (adverbial phrase) |   | In the example (1) ‘with yellow covers’ is a prepositional phrase post-modifying the head ‘book’. Apart from ‘with’, there is a wide range of prepositions that can be used, e. g. :   the road to London, the house beyond the church, a child of   five, etc. , including the complex prepositions, e. g. house on the top of the hill, action in case of emergency, etc. and those having participle forms as in problems concerning the environment. The commonest preposition in the noun phrase post-modification â₠¬Ëœof’ has a close correspondence to ‘have’ sentences: The ship has a funnel. the funnel of the ship The table has four legs. the four legs of the table However, some are relatable to ‘be’ sentences: London is a city. the city of London The news was the team’s victory the news of the team’s victory Also, the ‘of’ phrase can be used to express the subject or object relation: The bus arrived the arrival of the bus Someone imprisoned the murderer the imprisonment of the murderer In the example (2), the post-modifier is a relative or finite clause which can be restrictive or non-restrictive. There are a number of relative clauses beginning with relative pronouns: ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘whose’, ‘that’ (personal); ‘which’, ‘that’, ‘what’ (non-personal); ‘when’, a preposition plus ‘which’ (time); ‘where’, a preposition plus ‘which’ (place); and ‘why’, ‘for which’ (reason). While restrictive relative clauses help to define the head noun, the non-restrictive ones give additional information to it, as exemplified in: |   |The woman |who is standing outside |is my neighbour.    | |   |   |restrictive |   |   | |   |That is my neighbour, |who is standing outside. |   |   | |   |   |Non-restrictive |   |   | The exampl e (3) illustrates the post-modifier as a non-finite clause, present participle clause. The non-finite can be past participle clauses. |   |The only car |serviced in the garage |is mine. |   | |   |   |past participle clause |   |   | In addition, post-modifiers can be to-infinitive clauses: |   |The next flight |to arrive |was from London. |   | |   |The place |to stay for summer holidays |should be pleasant. |   | As is seen in the example (4), adjective phrases can be post-modifiers of the head noun in the complex noun phrases. The adjective phrases can usually be regarded as a reduced relative clause. Complex indefinite pronouns ending in –body, -one, -thing, and –where can be modified only post-positively, e. g. : Anyone (who is) intelligent can do it. The men (who were) present were his supporters. In the example (5), the phrase explicitly encodes the information that â€Å"Carmen is an opera†. For this reason, ‘ Carmen’ is traditionally said to be in apposition to ‘the opera’. Another minor type of post-modification illustrated in the example (6) is adverbial modification. Similarly, in the following examples, the adverbial phrases post-modify the head noun: the way ahead, the direction back, the hall downstairs, etc. Unlike pre-modifiers, their no grammatical limit to the number of post-modifiers occurring in a noun phrase, considerations of style and comprehensibility will normally keep them to one or two. Where we have more than one, the relative order tends to depend on the related properties of length and class, with shorter modifiers preceding longer ones, prepositional phrases preceding clauses: |   |A man |from Britain |who I was talking about last night |   | |   |   |prepositional phrase |relative clause | | 4 Conclusion In conclusion, noun phrases, either basic or complex are potentially very complicated. Most simply, basic noun phrases consist of just one overt element, pronouns of different types or numerals. Basic noun phrases, more complicatedly, comprise pre-determiners, determiners, post-determiners and the head nouns, the order of which is fixed. Complex noun phrases, as their names imply, are the most difficult of all. They consist of pre-modification, head noun and post-modification. Pre-modification includes closed-system and open-class items which are in the given order. Post-modification can be finite or non-finite clauses and adjective, noun, prepositional and adverbial phrases. SOURCES Aarts, B. ( 2001 ) English Syntax and Argumentation Brown, E. K. and J. E. Miller ( 1991 ) Syntax : A linguistic Introduction to Sentence Structure examples and tables internet

Homeostasis Is a Central Theme In Animal Physiology Essays

Homeostasis Is a Central Theme In Animal Physiology Essays Homeostasis Is a Central Theme In Animal Physiology Essay Homeostasis Is a Central Theme In Animal Physiology Essay Homeostasis is the name given to the process that allows optimum conditions to be regulated in the body. This regulation of the internal environment must be independent of external environmental constraints. In humans this process is controlled by almost all of the bodily systems but mainly by the endocrine, respiratory and renal systems. Homeostasis therefore allows an organism to live in habitats that are not ideally suited to the internal environment, because, only in favourable conditions will the organism thrive. This allows the organism to in an environment not best suited to its internal functioning but in conditions which may be favourable for foraging etc. a prime example are fish, a fresh water fish lives in an environment which in definition is more dilute than within its internal environment, sea water fish on the other hand live in a environment where its surroundings are more alkali than its internal environment. The need for homeostasis can be traced to the cellular level, as cells interact with their immediate environment (either via cellular communication, signal proteins, expulsion of ion, and uptake of ions). It is this communication, which ultimately leads to a change in the external environment. Right to the organ level or tissue organisation were for example the expulsion of urea changes the blood pH and osmolarity. These internal changes are countered by the excretion of hormones etc, (these substances share 4 main structural forms. Amines, steroids, prostaglandin and peptides) which start a chain reaction to nullify the change these hormones are either secreted via ducts (exocrine system) or directly into the blood stream, (endocrine system). Homeostasis therefore is controlled by many systems, and although complex, many multi organ physiological mechanisms help regulate in many ways. However the theory of an internal environment wasnt recognised until a French physiologist Claude Bernard in 1872 put forward the idea of a constant internal environment stating, 1Constancy of the internal environment is the condition of free life. It is however important to remember that the regulation of an internal environment does not only concern body temperature but also such things as blood pH [H+], Blood glucose concentration, osmotic potential etc. All of these systems must be regulated in some how to maintain this internal environment, this regulatory system relies on a feedback system, which can be illustrated in a simple diagram (figure 1. 1). Figure 1. 1 clearly shows the system of negative feedback this is where in essence an off signal (in one of the structural forms mentioned). Is sent from the hypothalamus to stop the process and therefore retain a homeostatic condition. This feedback system allows homeostasis to be regulated almost automatically. This negative feedback however can sometimes go wrong. A prime and well-documented case of this is diabetes. When blood glucose levels increase above a threshold limit the endocrine system (stimulated via the hypothalamus) activates the pancreas, this then secretes a hormone called insulin which this accelerates the uptake of blood glucose into storage molecules of glycogen (especially in the liver) and fat molecules. However if this uptake of sugar is not regulated enough then absorption of sugar will continue and the blood glucose level drops the result is glaucoma and ultimately death. This leads to the conclusion that glaucoma is the result of a breakdown in the homeostatic system and therefore a breakdown of blood glucose regulation. Homeostasis however is not only controlled by the hypothalamus, hormones which are produced by the hypothalamus to regulate homeostasis, are regulated by neurohormones, which are secreted by specialised nerve cells called neurosecretory cells. These cells which are found in the hypothalamus. These regulate the secretion of various glandular hormones from the non-neural anterior pituitary gland. These neurohormones are different to the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus as they target direct tissues (with relation to hormone structure and function). These specific neurosecretory cells are located in the anterior hypothalamus, these also demonstrate the diversity found within an organ, which allows this process to be self regulated. But homeostasis is not only regulated by internal bodily systems but also external structural/environmental conditions, an example environmental control is that of heat transference, As all metabolic reactions produce heat sometimes this heat would build up in the body, this would have devastating consequences on bodily functions such as the functioning of enzymes as after a certain temperature these become permanently de natured and unable to function, So when the body over heats, the hypothalamus sends a signal to the sweat glands which are located in the epidermal layer of the skin to produce sweat. This sweat then evaporates taking the heat energy with it. Therefore reducing the body temperature and maintaining homeostasis, the skeletal structure is an example of a structural way of controlling homeostasis. This is mainly due to the composition of skeletal bone. As skeletal bone is comprised mainly of calcium this can act as a calcium reserve. there are times in the homeostatic cycle when this calcium needs to be metabolised from bone tissue for use by other systems, e. . Calcium is very important for normal muscle functioning, therefore calcium ion concentration must be kept at a correct level in the surrounding blood and tissue fluids, the consequences of a breakdown in this regulation would lead to changes in the calcium ion concentration leading to a compromise in muscle activity, it is in this way that the skeletal system helps regulate homeostasis. The conclusion of this is that homeostasis is essential to a living organism and is in essence self regulated by a complex system of feedback loops regulated by many organ systems however these regulatory systems sometimes go wrong and need external assistance be this injecting hormones, taking advantage of environmental conditions, i. e. basking in the sun (lizards), panting (dogs, etc).

Gym Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gym - Assignment Example As a function of this level of similarity, the following analysis will be concentric upon discussing and analyzing what uniformity of social constructs and/or identity formation is able to take place within these respective spaces. Is the further hope of this author that through such analysis the reader will come to a more informed and profound understanding with respect to the way in which identity formation and social constructs are encouraged and denoted within the average local gym. As such, the analysis will be concentric upon how features are responsible for shaping the social or hierarchical nature of this space, the subtle, implicit, and explicit means through which this social dynamic is encouraged, and the uniformity as compared to the utilitarian purpose that the gym necessarily espouses. Firstly, before delving into the unique dynamics of any particular gym, it must be understood and denoted that individuals utilize a gym for one of two unique reasons. The first reason an d rationale that an individual takes use of their local gym is with regards to the fact that this space is a means to an end as a function of increasing vitality, improving overall well-being, and generally seeking to provide a level of fitness and exercise to the body. Secondary group that integrates with the gym is one that can be categorized as utilizing this particular space for the sole purpose of aspect improvement. Whereas aesthetic improvement can most certainly be seen as a tangential benefit for the first group, the prime focus of the second group is to engage with this space as a function of drawing attention to their own bodies and maximizing certain features that they had targeted for improvement. The subtle differentiation between these two groups, although somewhat mundane, is ineffective measurement of how each and every gym is ultimately set up. The underlying rationale for this has to do with the purpose for which both of these groups engage with the service that t he gym provides. As such, prior to delving into the way in which a gym is able to speak to the needs of all of its participants, understanding the way in which these two dynamic groups exists in a contemporary setting is pivotal in understanding the manner through which social hierarchy, identity, and understanding of self is evidenced within this particular space. From such an understanding, the first aspect of social hierarchy that can be determined is concentric upon the way in which those individuals within the first group integrate with one another and with other gym goers. As such, even a cursory analysis into any generic gym will revealed the fact that those individuals who utilize the gym as a means of aerobic enhancement, self betterment, and vitality improvement, are most always place in positions throughout the gym in which they do not face one another. This lack of contact with fellow gym goers allows these individuals to focus specifically on the goal of betterment that they have without the pressure of others judging them, staring at them, or analyzing their progress. As such, machines such as stair steppers, treadmills, rowing devices, crossfit machines, and a litany of other machines are spaced strategically in rows that face the wall, a set of televisions, or

Political Science Chinese Nationalism as topdownbottomup phenomenon Essay

Political Science Chinese Nationalism as topdownbottomup phenomenon - Essay Example There are waves of nationalism that move from the grass-roots to political leadership, and waves that move in the opposite direction. One of the major challenges for the twenty-first century will be finding ways to channel the energies of the world's most populous nation into positive directions. There are many perspectives on the potential motivations, and possible outcomes, of Chinese nationalism. There are some that see this movement as a "reckless movement driven by China's traditional Sino-centrism and contemporary aspirations for great-power status" (Zhao, p. 131). Bernstein and Munro conclude, for example, that China is "[d]riven by nationalist sentiment, a yearning to redeem the humiliations of the past, and the simple urge for international power" (Bernstein and Munro, p. 19). This has led the Chinese to demonstrate with particular urgency against the United States, whom it wishes to replace as the dominant power in Asia. One example of this would be the massive demonstrations in front of the U.S. diplomatic missions in China after the mistaken bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade by NATO forces under the command of the U.S. Western diplomats were shocked to find that the Chinese assumed that the bombing had been intentional (Zhao, p. 132). After a U.S. Navy s urveillance plane collided with a Chinese fighter jet over the South China Sea in April 2001, similar demonstrations broke out, with the Chinese pilot, Wang Wei, honored as a "martyr of the revolution" (Pomfret, p. A1). James Lilley's 2004 article in Public Affairs and Maria Hsia Chang's book Return of the Dragon: China's Wounded Nationalism are two examples of anxious observations of the fervent nationalism that has arisen at the end of the twentieth century, which was seen by many Chinese as one of humiliation. However, it would be short-sighted to describe the new Chinese nationalism as nothing more than emotionalism running rampant in the streets and squares of China. After all, the Chinese government has shown considerable skill in managing the public outbursts of its citizens. The idea that Suisheng Zhao has termed "pragmatic nationalism" refers to the ways in which the Chinese government actually organizes the shows of patriotism. This nationalism, according to Zhao, is a force used to "hold the country together during its period of rapid and turbulent transformation into a post-Communist society" (Zhao, p. 132). However, the leaders of China want peace and development, and they realize that if Chinese nationalism is perceived as being out of control, the ideals of political stability and economic development would be threatened, as other countries would tend to distance themselves from what they saw as an unstable situation. Nationalism is a relatively new phenomenon in Chinese culture, particularly given the ancient times in which the Chinese Empire began. The Opium War with Great Britain (1840-1842), however, was a disaster. China was occupied and incorporated into Western empires, and it was only at this point in time that

Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay

Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay It is believed peoples careless use of fossil fuels are responsible for causing Global warming. Environmentalists say people do not realize the serious effects of their own actions. They continue to waste resources and pollute the air despite all the evidence pointing to the effects of such behavior. There are numerous, well known things we do that perpetuate Global Warming. Who would have known that the invention of the car/automobile would eventually contribute to the leading cause of global warming? For years society have been driving cars emitting fossil fuels, using coal powered electricity or heating homes with natural gas and oil. This has caused carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses to be released into Earths atmosphere and environment. Our tree population, for example, has decreased tremendously throughout the years because of increased tree cutting. Has also contributed to more polluted air due to lack of oxygen convertors. (http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/globalwarming.htm) Peoples lack of concern for conserving its resources will only make Global warming worse. In 2007, scientists met and determined that society has â€Å"very likely† been the main cause of global warming since the 1950s. (http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm) According to EnvironmentalGraffti.com in 2007 it was determined that the spread of diseases, warming waters resulting in more hurricanes, the probability of increase heat waves,drought, economic consequences, and polar ice caps melting are the top â€Å"5 Deadliest Effects of Global Warming†. (http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276) Rising sea levels will cause millions who live in coastal regions to lose their homes. Insects are migrating to more warming climates and carrying diseases. It is believed that Malaria still exists in some countries as a direct cause of global warming. In addition, with the continually rising temperature of the ocean there is a threat of an increased chance of more powerful and frequent hurricanes. We all remember hurricane Katrina and the devastation it brought to New Orleans as well as to several other towns and cities throughout the Southeast. With Katrinas aftermath came many economical struggles. People were trying to rebuild their homes, relocate and even find work as many businesses were destroyed. Unfortunately, people are still struggling to rebuild their lives today.Why not try to make changes in our daily lives to prevent devastation such as Katrina? Just as important, the droughts and heat waves that are occurring as a result of global warming are phenomenal. Even here in Arizona, during the monsoon season, we have experienced drought. Though I do not think our drought is as severe as places such as Africa, where they already are experiencing dangerously low water supplies and extreme heat waves. As a result, some speculate that this could cause people to start fighting for water- a necessary resource many take advantage of and assume will be available forever. Half way around the world, however, Sea levels are rising with the increased melting of polar ice caps. When fresh water ice caps melt into the ocean these changes dillute the salty waters. Of course this then affects the ocean and acquatic life which cannot survive without a homeostatic balance of salt content of the ocean. You are probably thinking that losing a little ocean life is no big deal, right? Did you know that the increased global temperature is because the su n can no longer reflect off the tops of the ice caps? When the sun reflects off the ice caps it projects into space. And why is that important? It helps to decrease the temperature in the earths atmosphere which in turn keeps us cooler. So what can we do to help slow down the process of losing our planet? First we need to start by caring. I see people everyday that could walk the 4 blocks to school or work. They choose not to, however. Imagine how much vehicle pollution we could eliminate if everyone were to ask 20 people they know if they could walk instead of driving. If they cant walk them maybe we can use technology wisely and find ways to create vehicles that are environmentally friendly. Another step is to increase recycling. Next time you go to throw that soda can or paper away, remember it is recyclable (and make money from recycling cans). What about disposable diapers? I know they are convenient, but why not give cloths a try? It may take a little extra work and many places around the country have diaper laundry services(but would also provides work and business for others.) Finally, when your kids ask to watch television or play a video game why not limit the amount of time of their use? This will cut bac k on electricity use and theyll benefit doing other, healthier activities. Encourage them to read a book or play outside like we or our parents did. In conclusion, evidence shows that peoples choices in everyday life and their use of technology and resources has undoubtedly increased global warming. We can slow down the negative effects of such choices if everyone does their part. It does not matter how small or big the effort every little bit helps in helping reverse the potential, devastating effects of global warming. Think of the earth as a team and our team wants to win. Help to slow Global warming! Go Green! Works Cited: http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/globalwarming.htm http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276

Market Research Essay

The management process through which goods and services move from concept to the customer. As a practice, it consists in coordination of four elements called 4P’s: (1) identification, selection, and development of a product, (2) determination of its price, (3) selection of a distribution channel to reach the customer’s place, and (4) development and implementation of a promotional strategy. As a philosophy, marketing is based on thinking about the business in terms of customer needs and their satisfaction. Marketing differs from selling because (in the words of Harvard Business School’s emeritus professor of marketing Theodore C. Levitt) â€Å"Selling concerns itself with the tricks and techniques of getting people to exchange their cash for your product. It is not concerned with the values that the exchange is all about. And it does not, as marketing invariably does, view the entire business process as consisting of a tightly integrated effort to discover, create, arouse, and satisfy customer needs.† Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing.html#ixzz25h1HF3mw Marketing, Advertising and Sales – a definition Marketing is not advertising. Marketing is finding out what people want, why they want it and how much they’ll spend. Don’t confuse marketing with advertising. Advertising is the promotion of a service or product or company. It features a strong call to action and promotes the benefits of that being advertised. . Product/Service †¢ What does the customer want from the product/service? What needs does it satisfy? †¢What features does it have to meet these needs? †¢Are there any features you’ve missed out? †¢Are you including costly features that the customer won’t actually use? †¢How and where will the customer use it? †¢What does it look like? How will customers experience it? †¢What size(s), color(s), and so on, should it be? †¢What is it to be called? †¢How is it branded? †¢How is it differentiated versus your competitors? †¢What is the most it can cost to provide, and still be sold sufficiently profitably? (See also Price, below). Place †¢ Where do buyers look for your product or service? †¢If they look in a store, what kind? A specialist boutique or in a supermarket, or both? Or online? Or direct, via a catalogue? †¢How can you access the right distribution channels? †¢Do you need to use a sales force? Or attend trade fairs? Or make online submissions? Or send samples to catalogue companies? †¢What do you competitors do, and how can you learn from that and/or differentiate? Price †¢ What is the value of the product or service to the buyer? †¢Are there established price points for products or services in this area? †¢Is the customer price sensitive? Will a small decrease in price gain you extra market share? Or will a small increase be indiscernible, and so gain you extra profit margin? †¢What discounts should be offered to trade customers, or to other specific segments of your market? †¢How will your price compare with your competitors? Promotion †¢ Where and when can you get across your marketing messages to your target market? †¢Will you reach your audience by advertising in the press, or on TV, or radio, or on billboards? By using direct marketing mailshot? Through PR? On the Internet? †¢When is the best time to promote? Is there seasonality in the market? Are there any wider environmental issues that suggest or dictate the timing of your market launch, or the timing of subsequent promotions? †¢How do your competitors do their promotions? And how does that influence your choice of promotional activity? The 4Ps model is just one of many marketing mix lists that have been developed over the years. And, whilst the questions we have listed above are key, they are just a subset of the detailed probing that may be required to optimize your marketing mix. Amongst the other marketing mix models have been developed over the years is Boom and Bitner’s 7Ps, sometimes called the extended marketing mix, which include the first 4 Ps, plus people, processes and physical layout decisions.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Essay

Many companies are trying to expand economically in the market by doing business with an individual or another company in foreign countries. These businesses are engaging in into using improper ways of payments that are leading to secret bribes to the foreign public officials. Foreign countries are not always in compliance with the laws and they tend not to follow them. Having these problems with the US and all the millions of dollars that have been passed they wanted to take a more affirmative approach and be able to correct the problem. That is when congress decided to introduce the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to prosecute foreign companies for corrupt payments within the United States. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a federal law that was amended in 1977. This law â€Å"prohibits the United States from bribing foreign officials to secure advantageous contracts†(1). A foreign official is defined as any officer or employee of the foreign government or any department, agency, public international organization, or any person acting in an official for or behalf any such government or department, agency, or public international organization (2). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was implemented for companies from the United States that are managing business in foreign countries to do so without any unethical business practices (3). This federal law consists of two provisions, the anti-bribery and the accounting/book and record provision. The first provision consists of the anti-bribery provision in which contracts with enforcing the Department of Justice. The DOJ is one of the enforcements for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in which prosecutes the issuers and their officers, employees, agents, and domestic concern all in which are acting in the US (4). The anti-bribery of FCPA prohibits anything that deals with payments or an authorization of any payment that obtains or retains with business. There are three types of improper violations for the anti-bribery provision and they include: the issuer, domestic concern, the foreign national and businesses. The issuers are the ones that are registered in the US or are required to file Security and Exchange Commission. Domestic concern is any person or business that have their place of business in the US or are under the US law. Lastly, the foreign nationals and business in which deals with corrupt payments that are made in the United States (3). There are also the Third parties and agents that are as well included and have the same conditions apply to them as they do to the issuer, domestic concern, and the foreign national and businesses. The second provision that is involved with the FCPA is the Accounting provision and that consist of contracts enforcing Securities and Exchange Commission. The SEC enforces the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) by bringing the civil actions against the issuers and their officers, directors, employees, and agents (4). FCPA has two accounting requirements that are recordkeeping and internal controls. The recordkeeping is there to ensure that the books, records, and accounts are held at the standards of what the company should be at. This is designed to cover business transactions and accounting control and maintain accuracy with the corporations and their records so that they are limited in violating the FCPA anti-bribery provisions. The other requirement is the internal control and that deals with the assurance of transactions are in accordance with the management authorization, the transactions are recorded and prepared for financial statements and are maintained accountability for assets, the access is only limited to the managements authorization, and the record accountability for the assets is compared with the existing assets at the regular intervals (4). There are certain things that gives the FCPA red flags and they consist of a history of corruption in the country, any family relationship between participants and government officials, an unusual pattern in financial arrangements, high commissions, decrease in transparency in expenses and accounting records, lack of qualifications on the agents part for performing services, and misrepresentation in connection with a proposed transaction (8). Each of these jurisdictions works together to keep aspects of FCPA from being violated. This law is not always prohibiting all payments to the foreign officials. The FCPA has an exception for anti-bribery prohibitions and that is called â€Å" routine government action. † This exception is also given the names â€Å"facilitating† or â€Å" grease payment. † The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act defines this â€Å"routine government action† as for a foreign official to perform in obtaining permits, licenses, or other official documents that enable then to do business in that country, processing government papers such as visa and work orders, protection services and conducting inspections, and anything that has similar nature (6). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) has two affirmative defenses and they consist of assertion that payment in question was lawful under the laws of the foreign country, and the assertion that the payment was valued a bona fide expenditure (6). This affirmative defense is aimed to be for the issuer, domestic concern, or other person. In this affirmative defense there must be some type of written law authorizing or supporting the payment. The penalties for violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act are different from the provision that they fall under. For an individual and it is from the anti bribery provision that penalty for civil can be up to $10,000, the criminal fine is up to $250,000 or imprisonment for up to five years, the Fines Act can also increase twice the gross financial gain or loss from the corrupt payment, and the criminal fine for the individual cannot be paid directly or indirectly from the company whose behalf the person acted on. The entities a penalty for the anti-bribery provision consist of civil up to $10,000, for criminal fine up to 2 million, and for the Alternative Fine Act is can also increase twice the gain or lose from the corrupt payment. Penalties for the accounting provisions for an individual are civil penalty up to $100,000, criminal fine up to $5 million or tice the gain or loss caused by the violation or imprisonment for up to twenty years. The last penalty is for entities in the accounting provisions for civil up to $5000,000, criminal fine up to $25 million or twice the gain or loss caused by the violation (5). Statute of limitation and penalties violations is worth to be a five-year for both the criminal and the civil. As for the criminal it takes affect when the statute runs from the date the potential offense was committed (7). This can also be suspended for up to three years due to court rules and evidence of an offense in a foreign country (7). In my perspective on FCPA I feel that they have had an impact on the US Commerce. This is so due to the fact of how well they have been enforcing their actions with also the actions for the individuals as well. This also has an affect on the cost of companies that are subject to the Act. Such things as programs for compliance and conducting internal investigations, the cost of diligence, the subtle cost the companies are having to overcome due to the burdens of their competitors that they don’t have to deal with, and the opportunity for businesses overseas. This law gives the companies a way of economic benefits. When it comes to the international level FCPA can be a disadvantage because it keeps the company from engaging certain businesses that could give an advantage to the other company. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has given the international something similar to the FCPA, and that is called the Anti-Bribery Convention (OECD). This convention is against bribery in international transactions in today’s international business environment. The OECD Convention contains an agreement or books and records provision that prohibits the off the books accounts and making inadequate transactions. This also has legal assistance for extradition on bribery offenses. Since other countries have seen the affects that this law has had on companies they to have also tried to instill their own legislation and enforcement actions. One of them would be the Bribery Act from the United Kingdom. This act is similar to the FCPA and with the anti-bribery regulation (9). The difference between the two is that the Bribery Act does not show enough affirmative defenses and the FCPA allows facilitating payments in which gives more of a open interpretation (9). The FCPA has a come up with general guidance of the compliance program to try to design and implement a reduction in the violations of the bribery laws. They want the business to implement this so that they can operate effectively and promote value in their organization. This law is set to progress and enforce the businesses to make the right choice and to try to stay away from foreign countries that try to make bribery choices. Over the years FCPA will eventually keep growing into other countries and it will make it harder for the violations to occur.

Analysis Of Case Ban On Tobacco Ads By The Government Of...

Analysis of case Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India Introduction Can a ban of advertising on tobacco products keep young adults from developing the habit of smoking? Can it keep them away from trying it out? The Government of India thought so when it announced on Feb 6, 2001 that it intend to forward legislation to ban advertising on tobacco. I am going to examine the case for this proposed legislation. The announcement sparked a fierce debate over the issue. Is it ethical for the Government to decide what adults do? What about the freedom of choice? Well the debate seek answer these questions. A summary of the arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India The side in favor of the ban has a strong argument because they had examples from countries like France, Belgium, Norway, and Finland. where a ban has already taken place and results are more than positive. Besides the courts in Belgium had ruled that the ban on advertising was not unconstitutional because the tobacco industry challenged the ban. Again the Constitutional Body in France also ruled that the ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. So those in favor of this ban in India, the Government had plenty of support to draw from. Pointing to a World Health Organization (WHO), proponents of the ban cited the increase of the number of death related to tobacco and how WHO estimated this numbers will continue to rise to the tune of about 8.4 million by 2020 and about 10Show MoreRelatedBanning Of The Law Of India1326 Words   |  6 PagesBANNING TOBACCO IN INDIA A case study in ethics management SUMMARY In order to better understand the complexities and difficulties of ethical decisions in the context of organisational management, we will examine one such decision made by the Government of India in 2001. 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